Abstract
This research paper delves into the effectiveness of Ukraine's youth policy, focusing on the case study of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The author analyzes the legislative framework, regional programs, and their implementation practices. The study identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of the policy, particularly regarding the coordination of efforts between different levels of government, youth program funding, and youth involvement in decision-making processes. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes recommendations for improving youth policy, including the creation of innovative platforms for collaboration between higher education institutions and businesses. The research will be valuable to academics, government officials involved in developing and implementing youth policy, as well as the general public interested in youth development.
The effectiveness of state youth policy largely depends on its implementation at the regional level. In light of local government reforms, the coordination of efforts between the state and regions in addressing youth issues has become particularly relevant. The Law of Ukraine "On the Fundamentals of Youth Policy," adopted in 2021, laid the foundation for a strategic approach in this area. In 2024, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of implementing the law's provisions. The goal was to determine how effectively its implementation contributes to: the development of youth infrastructure, including youth support centers, educational and cultural programs; support for youth initiatives through the funding of projects aimed at addressing socio-economic issues; and the involvement of youth in decision-making by ensuring their representation in government bodies and public institutions.
H.V. Koval emphasizes that the development and implementation of a state youth policy at the regional level should not be solely based on national strategies, but should also take into account the specific needs and characteristics of each region. The author pays particular attention to the fact that regional development is closely linked to the development of its human capital, with youth being its most important component.
One of the biggest challenges in implementing state youth policy is the lack of coordination between different levels of government. Repeated attempts to optimize the institutional structure responsible for youth policy have not led to the creation of an effective system of interaction between central executive authorities and local self-government bodies. This results in duplication of functions, dispersion of resources, and consequently, inefficient use of funds allocated to youth programs.
In order to ensure the comprehensive development of youth in Dnipropetrovsk region and create conditions for their self-realization, a regional targeted social program "Youth of Dnipropetrovsk Region" was developed and implemented for the period 2012-2021. The program was aimed at:
- Creating the necessary legal, economic, and social conditions for youth development;
- Supporting youth initiatives and projects;
- Developing youth infrastructure;
- Involving youth in community life.
Coordination and monitoring of the program's implementation were carried out by the Department of Family and Youth Affairs of the Regional State Administration. The program was financed from the regional budget in the amount of 54.4 million UAH.
The analysis of the program implementation indicates the need to strengthen youth participation in community life. This direction is one of the priorities of European youth policy, as emphasized in the European Charter on youth participation. For Ukraine, it is important to adapt this experience and develop specific mechanisms for involving young people in decision-making at the local level. This may involve creating youth councils, conducting consultations, organizing public hearings, and other direct democracy tools.
The effectiveness of programs in the field of youth policy is evaluated by quantitative and qualitative indicators. Quantitative indicators cover such aspects as the number of organized events and the youth audience reached. According to the program, within the framework of educational, cultural, informational, scientific, and methodological events, it is planned to involve about 1,253 thousand people. Such an approach focuses on numerical results, which are easy to measure but do not always reflect the depth of the program's impact.
At the same time, qualitative indicators focus on assessing changes in the lives of young people and society. These include increasing the effectiveness of state youth policy in the Dnipropetrovsk region, contributing to the social development of young people, and creating conditions for their active participation in social transformations through partnership. The program provides for the improvement of educational opportunities, including increasing the number of educational credits, supporting talented youth, promoting scientific activity, and expanding cooperation between educational institutions and public organizations.
An important component is also addressing youth employment issues, including increasing the share of employed youth by 10% compared to the previous year. This includes providing temporary employment in free time, developing youth entrepreneurship, especially in rural areas, and supporting community initiatives. Social work with vulnerable categories of youth, such as orphans, young people with disabilities, and persons with experience of detention, is also a key direction of the program.
Particular emphasis is placed on fostering humanistic values, patriotism, and national identity among the youth. This includes cultivating high moral standards, cultural and universal values. Concurrently, efforts are made to improve student living conditions in dormitories, support student self-governance, and expand the activities of youth public organizations.
However, an analysis of the "Youth of Dnipropetrovsk Region" program for 2012-2021 reveals certain shortcomings. In particular, insufficient attention is paid to indicators that reflect real changes in the social status and development of youth. Other researchers note that aspects such as inclusivity and sustainable development of youth policy require additional consideration when developing such programs.
Thus, while the program demonstrates significant potential in engaging youth in active public life, it requires a more balanced approach between quantitative and qualitative indicators. This will allow for a more comprehensive assessment of its impact and adjustments to development directions based on the real needs of the younger generation.
As a result, to improve youth policy in the Dnipropetrovsk region, it is proposed to implement the "Youth of the Future" platform on the basis of state universities for cooperation between higher education institutions and local businesses to develop innovative solutions for the region's pressing problems. This project represents a fully equipped laboratory where young people can develop in various directions, which will not only support young talents but also contribute to the development of an innovative economy. To implement this, it is necessary to attract professionals from various fields, such as mentors from the largest enterprises "Metinvest Holding" and PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih," who can not only teach their work but also offer internships in the company with subsequent employment. To launch the project, it is necessary to involve not only regional businesses to pay for materials and technologies in the laboratory but also grants that are provided for the development of youth, the region, and the country.
The advantages of such a "Youth of the Future" project are seen as creating synergy between higher education institutions, businesses, and local authorities; supporting youth, which will help reduce the outflow of young people from the region; and creating a sustainable innovation ecosystem in the region.
The expected results of the implementation are:
- Creation of new innovative products and services.
- Development of entrepreneurial skills among young people.
- Strengthening ties between science and business.
- Increasing the innovative potential of the region.
- Creation of new jobs.
Thus, the study of the effectiveness of state youth policy in Ukraine demonstrates that, although there are positive shifts, including the creation of a regulatory framework and the development of regional programs, there are a number of problems that need to be addressed. These include insufficient coordination between different levels of government, uneven funding, limited youth participation in decision-making, and insufficient focus on qualitative performance indicators. One of the promising directions for the development of youth policy is the creation of innovative platforms for cooperation between higher education institutions and businesses, such as "Youth of the Future." This project will not only support young talents but also contribute to the development of the region's innovative economy.
Keywords
References
- Koval, H. V. (2013). Development of State Youth Policy: Theory, Methodology, Mechanisms of Implementation. Mykolaiv: Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University.
- Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council. (2012). On the Regional Target Social Program "Youth of Dnipropetrovsk Region" for 2012-2021. February 3. Decision No. 239-11/VI. Retrieved from http://oblrada.dp.ua/decisions/27/745.
- Council of Europe. (2003). Revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life. Recommendation 128 (2003). May 21. Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe. Retrieved from http://eucharter.pedagog.org.ua/text/charter/src.html.